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Human XIST, when integrated into autosomes in a fully differentiated adult human tumor cell line, caused localized chromosome inactivation, counter to all previous concepts of a specific narrow window of opportun...
The publication of an increasing number of draft genome sequences presents problems that will only be resolved by improved search tools and by complete finishing of the sequences - and their deposition in publ...
At the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes are telomeres, specialized structures with unusual properties. The repetitive structure of telomere regions makes them difficult to deal with in general genome-sequencing ...
When there are no strand-specific biases in mutation and selection rates (that is, in the substitution rates) between the two strands of DNA, the average nucleotide composition is theoretically expected to be ...
Comparisons between the genomes of the closely related nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans and Caenorhabditis briggsae reveal high rates of rearrangement, with a bias towards within-chromosome events. To assess whet...
Histidine protein kinases (HPKs) are a large family of signal-transduction enzymes that autophosphorylate on a conserved histidine residue. HPKs form two-component signaling systems together with their downstr...
With the advent of gene-expression profiling, a large number of genes can now be investigated simultaneously during critical stages of development. This approach will be particularly informative in studies of ...
A report on the Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics for Medicine (GPBM) 2002 meeting, St. Petersburg to Moscow, Russia, 22-30 June 2002.
A report on the twelfth Congress of Virology, part of 'The world of microbes', the joint meeting of the three divisions of the International Union of Microbiological Societies, Paris, France, 27 July to 1 Augu...
A report on the annual meeting of the Society of Developmental Biology, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 21-24 July 2002.
In plants, calcium (Ca2+) has emerged as an important messenger mediating the action of many hormonal and environmental signals, including biotic and abiotic stresses. Many different signals raise cytosolic calci...
The isochore concept in human genome sequence was challenged in an analysis by the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium (IHGSC). We argue here that a statement in IGHSC analysis concerning the existen...
Using a complete set of budding-yeast mutants bearing deletions of all known open reading frames, a recent study has revealed multiple overlapping pathways that coordinately regulate cell-cycle progression wit...
How do naturally occurring polymorphisms in DNA sequence relate to variation in gene expression? Recent work to map genetic sources of expression variation has shown a surprising balance between cis and trans eff...
Polytopic membrane proteins can be related to each other on the basis of the number of transmembrane helices and sequence similarities. Building on the Pfam classification of protein domain families, and using...
As the rough draft of the human genome sequence nears a finished product and other genome-sequencing projects accumulate sequence data exponentially, bioinformatics is emerging as an important tool for studies...
A report on the European Science Foundation Workshop on Modeling of Molecular Networks, Granada, Spain, 11-14 June 2002.
In multiple sclerosis, a complex neurodegenerative disorder, a combination of genetic and environmental factors results in inflammation and myelin damage. Recent transcription-profiling studies have found dist...
The rapidly expanding fields of genomics and proteomics have prompted the development of computational methods for managing, analyzing and visualizing expression data derived from microarray screening. Neverth...
Long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons constitute a major fraction of the genomes of higher plants. For example, retrotransposons comprise more than 50% of the maize genome and more than 90% of the wheat ...
The mechanism by which Bacillus anthracis initiates anthrax in humans involves key protein-protein interactions, the site for which have now been mapped
Understanding how Bacillus anthracis initiates anthrax in humans
Understanding the secretion of an enterotoxin by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains paves the way to the development of new drugs
Sequencing Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis reveals clues as to how this thermophile manages to live an extreme lifestyle
The specificity of tissue transcriptional activities may be understood via high-throughput gene-expression profiling of a significant fraction of the human and mouse transcriptomes
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