Fig. 4
Confirmation of the key microbial producer of 3-IAld and PGD2. a Schematic of experimental design of Bifidobacterium species incubation in vitro. b, c Bifidobacterium species were cultured 12 h and assayed for tryptophan metabolites by HPLC in vitro. d Bifidobacterium pseudolongum produced a wide array of tryptophan-derived metabolites. e Schematic of experimental design of Candida albicans incubation in vitro. f, g Candida albicans were cultured 12 h in addition of arachidonic acid (f) or lecithin medium (g) and assayed for PGD2 metabolites by HPLC in vitro. Data represented the mean ± SEM, n = 3 per group. Statistical analysis was performed using independent samples t-test (c, f, and g), ***P < 0.001. Means with different letters were significantly different (P < 0.05) via ANOVA, followed by post hoc Tukey tests (d)