Fig. 4

Genetic correlation (rg) of pubertal growth with adult health outcomes. A Bone and glycemic outcomes, including femoral neck and lumbar spine bone mineral density and three glycemic traits. B Lung cancer and lung function outcomes. C Cardiac and lipid outcomes. D Neuropsychiatric outcomes and overall wellbeing (parents’ age at death). LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; PEF, peak expiratory flow; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced exhalation volume in 1 s; ALS, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 10F/12 M, height at age 10 years in girls and age 12 years in boys; 14–adult, height difference between age 14 years and adult; 8–adult, height difference between age 8 years and adult; a-size, SITAR-derived height across the growth trajectory; c-intensity, SITAR-derived tempo of the pubertal growth spurt