Fig. 1

LncRNA EDAL is upregulated after viral infection. a Total 1434 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified by RNA-seq analysis in RABV-infected N2a cells compared with mock-infected cells (n = 3; 2 fold change (FC) and 0.01 p value). These lncRNAs were clustered and shown by heatmap. b Ten of the differentially expressed lncRNAs were selected and clustered in a heatmap (left); the corresponding express level were confirmed by qPCR (right). c The indicated upregulated lncRNAs were selected and expressed in N2a cells. At 12 h post transfection, the cells were infected with RABV at MOI 0.01 and virus titers in supernatants were measured at indicated time point. d Cytosol and nuclear fractions from N2a cells were extracted. Subcellular localization of EDAL was determined by qPCR. 18S ribosomal RNA (18S) and β-actin were included as cytoplasmic RNA markers, while lncRNA Malat1 was used as a nuclear marker. e N2a cells were infected with RABV at different MOIs for 24 h and EDAL level was analyzed by qPCR. f–i N2a cells were infected with RABV (f), VSV (g), SFV (h), or HSV-1 (i) at MOI 1 and at indicated time points post infection. EDAL levels were determined by qPCR. j N2a cells were transfected with RABV genomic RNA at different doses for 24 h, and EDAL level was analyzed by qPCR. k The basal or induced level of EDAL (infected with RABV at MOI 1 for 24 h) in different cell lines were determined by qPCR. l The basal level of EDAL in different tissues was analyzed by qPCR. Statistical analysis of grouped comparisons was carried out by Student’s t test (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001). Bar graph represents means ± SD, n = 3