Fig. 2
From: Rewriting the transcriptome: adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing by ADARs
Cis versus trans regulation of A-to-I editing. Cis regulation contributes significantly to the efficiency of editing by ADARs. The sequence context and secondary structure surrounding the adenosine are important in determining the efficiency of editing. The 5′ and 3′ nucleotides adjacent to the adenosine are important contributors to the editing efficiency. Trans regulation contributes less significantly to the overall editing, and can either enhance editing, such as occurs with Pin1 phosphorylation of ADAR, or reduce overall editing, as occurs with WWP2 (ubiquitination of ADAR) or AIMP2 (reduces overall levels of ADAR1)