Fig. 5

Gut microbial degradation of OP-induces gluconeogenesis. a Top five metabolic pathways represented by quantitative MSEA. The P values of Q-statistics are mentioned at the end of bars. b Expression of metabolites associated with gluconeogenesis expressed as normalized peak area (n = 3). c Intestinal and (d) Hepatic glucose-6 phosphatase activity of animals fed with fecal whole culture or suspended cells or culture supernatant grown in the presence or absence of MCP (n = 06). e Fecal acetate level of the animals fed with fecal whole culture or suspended cells or culture supernatant grown in the presence or absence of MCP (n = 03). f OGTT of animals treated with sodium acetate (NaAc) orally and by rectal infusion (RI) (n = 08). g Intestinal and hepatic glucose-6 phosphatase activity of NaAc treated animals (n = 08). Bars, horizontal lines, or symbols represent mean; error bars represent s.e.m; ****P < 0.0001, ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05 Two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction (f) or one-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc analysis (g) or unpaired two-sided Student’s t-test (b–e). Experiments were repeated twice