Table 3 Single variant results demonstrating a significant association among both discovery (p < 7.1 × 10⁻¹⁰) and replication (p < 0.003) stages

Metabolite	Variant information					Discovery (AA)				Replication (EA)
Metabolite	Gene	SNP	Function	Chr:position	REF/ALT	MAF	Beta	P	Var Exp	MAF	Beta	P	Var Exp
Glycine	CPS1	rs1047891	Missense	2:211540507	C/A	0.37	0.09	4.5 × 10⁻¹⁹	1.3%	0.31	0.16	4.9 × 10⁻⁴⁵	3.6%
Dimethylglycine	DMGDH	rs933683	Intronic	5:78324003	G/T	0.44	−0.15	2.3 × 10⁻¹⁴	1.9%	0.29	−0.09	9.5 × 10⁻⁶	0.7%
Asparagine	AGA	rs11131799	Intronic	4:178363378	G/A	0.49	−0.14	2.4 × 10⁻¹⁰	2.5%	0.36	−0.26	3.9 × 10⁻²³	4.5%
N-acetyl-1-methylhistidine	NAT8	rs13538	Missense	2:73868328	A/G	0.48	0.34	3.3 × 10⁻⁷⁵	9.7%	0.23	0.51	3.4 × 10⁻⁸⁵	14.2%
Glutarylcarnitine	SYCE2	rs8012	Missense	19:13010520	A/G	0.19	−0.12	9.5 × 10⁻¹⁴	1.2%	0.46	−0.11	2.5 × 10⁻¹⁷	1.5%
N-acetyl phenylalanine	ALMS1P	rs13431529	Intronic	2:73876041	G/C	0.49	0.09	4.3 × 10⁻¹⁰	1.0%	0.23	0.06	1.2 × 10⁻⁵	0.4%
3-Methoxytyrosine	DDC	rs11575302	Silent	7:50607694	G/A	0.15	0.15	2.5 × 10⁻¹⁷	1.5%	0.02	0.19	1.4 × 10⁻⁷	0.5%
Indolepropionate	ACSM5	rs8044331	Intronic	16:20450302	T/C	0.42	−0.17	5.3 × 10⁻¹⁰	1.8%	0.22	−0.11	0.001	0.5%
Alpha-hydroxyisovalerate	HAO2	rs17023507	UTR5	1:119923247	C/T	0.10	−0.25	1.6 × 10⁻¹³	1.9%	0.002	−0.64	0.001	0.4%
Proline	PRODH	rs1814288	Intronic	22:18923383	C/T	0.30	−0.06	7.8 × 10⁻¹²	0.7%	0.21	−0.03	0.003	0.1%
Acisoga	VNN1	rs2272996	Missense	6: 133015271	T/C	0.19	0.18	8.1 × 10⁻¹⁶	0.2%	0.27	0.26	4.8 × 10⁻³⁴	5.1%

REF/ALT reference allele and alternative allele, MAF minor allele frequency, VarExp variance explained by the loci

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