Fig. 4From: CPAG: software for leveraging pleiotropy in GWAS to reveal similarity between human traits links plasma fatty acids and intestinal inflammationCPAG identifies clusters attributable to four broad models of trait similarity. a Similarity due to an intermediate trait being a risk factor for a disease or other more complex trait, as exemplified by iron levels affecting hemoglobin and red blood cell (RBC) traits. b Similarity due to a trait being a consequence of a disease, as exemplified by glycated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1C) being caused by increased plasma glucose and type 2 diabetes. c Similarity due to a single pathway being associated with two or more diseases, as exemplified by possibly antigen presentation affecting both psoriasis and AIDS progression. d Similarity due to the same genes having effects in different tissues or on different signaling pathways, as exemplified by similarity in pigmentation traits in skin, eyes, and hairBack to article page