Table 1 Known rhomboid protease substrates and functions across evolution

Rho-1

Drosophila

Spitz, Keren

EGFR signaling (embryo, most developing tissues, adult)

[8–16, 89]

Rho-2/Stet

Drosophila

Gurken,?

EGFR signaling in oocyte, germline

[89, 90]

Rho-3/Ru

Drosophila

Spitz, Keren

EGFR signaling in embryo, eye disc

[12, 89, 91]

Rho-4

Drosophila

Spitz, Keren?

EGFR signaling?

[89]

Rho-7

Drosophila

DmOpa1-like DmPINK1

Mitochondrial fusion, mitophagy

[30, 55]

CeROM1

C. elegans

LIN-3L

Amplifying EGFR signaling (vulva)

[47]

AarA

P. stuartii

TatA

Activating twin-arginine translocon, quorum sensing

[20, 17, 61, 62, 66]

GlpG

E. coli

?

?

[17–20, 34–36, 77, 78, 83–85, 88]

HiGlpG

H. influenzae

?

?

[37, 81]

YqgP

Bacillus subtilis

?

?

[17, 18, 20]

PA3086

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

?

?

[17, 18, 20]

AqRho

Aquifex aeolicus

?

?

[17, 20]

Pcp1

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Mgm1, Ccp1

Mitochondrial membrane fusion, pre-sequence removal

[28, 52–54]

PARL

Homo sapiens Mus musculus

PINK1, others

Downregulating mitophagy, crista remodeling, anti-apoptosis

[28, 29, 56–60]

AtRBL2

Arabidopsis thaliana

?

?

[23]

RHBDL2

H. sapiens

TM, EphrinB1,2,3, EGF

Blood clotting? Cell migration? Cancer?

[24, 48, 87]

PfROM4

P. falciparum

EBA175, TRAP, other adhesins

Invasion

[26, 69]

PfROM1

Plasmodium sp.

AMA1?

Invasion? Growth

[26, 69, 70]

TgROM1

Toxoplasma gondii

?

Growth

[25, 40, 68, 75]

TgROM2

T. gondii

?

?

[25, 40, 68]

TgROM3

T. gondii

?

?

[25, 68]

TgROM4

Toxoplasma gondii

AMA1, MIC2, MIC6

Invasion

[25, 68, 71, 72]

TgROM5

Toxoplasma gondii

AMA1, MIC2, MIC6

Invasion

[25, 26]

EhROM1

Entamoeba histolytica

Lectins

Phagocytosis, immune evasion

[73, 74]