Accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data by geometric averaging of multiple internal control genes

Table 1 Internal control genes evaluated in this study

Symbol	Accession number	Name	Function	Localization	Pseudo gene^*	Primers^†	Alias	IMAGE^‡
ACTB	NM_001101	Beta actin	Cytoskeletal structural protein	7p15-p12	+	S		510455
B2M	NM_004048	Beta-2-microglobulin	Beta-chain of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules	15q21-q22	-	S		51940
GAPD	NM_002046	Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Oxidoreductase in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis	12p13	+	D		510510
HMBS	NM_000190	Hydroxymethyl-bilane synthase	Heme synthesis, porphyrin metabolism	11q23	-	D	Porphobilinogen deaminase	245564
HPRT1	NM_000194	Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl-transferase 1	Purine synthesis in salvage pathway	Xq26	+	D		345845
RPL13A	NM_012423	Ribosomal protein L13a	Structural component of the large 60S ribosomal subunit	19q13	+	D	23 kDa highly basic protein	-
SDHA	NM_004168	Succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit A	Electron transporter in the TCA cycle and respiratory chain	5p15	+	D		375812
TBP	NM_003194	TATA box binding protein	General RNA polymerase II transcription factor	6q27	-	D		280735
UBC	M26880	Ubiquitin C	Protein degradation	12q24	-	D		510582
YWHAZ	NM_003406	Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/ tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta polypeptide	Signal transduction by binding to phosphorylated serine residues on a variety of signaling molecules	2p25	+	S^§	Phospholipase A2	416026

^*Presence (+) or absence (-) of a retropseudogene in the genome determined by BLAST analysis of the mRNA sequence using the high-throughput genomic sequences database (htgs) or human genome as database. ^† Localization of forward and reverse primer in different exons (D) or the same exon (S). ^‡ IMAGE cDNA clone number according to [14]. ^§ A single-exon gene.

ISSN: 1474-760X