Fig. 5From: HOPS: a quantitative score reveals pervasive horizontal pleiotropy in human genetic variation is driven by extreme polygenicity of human traits and diseasesQuantile-quantile (Q-Q) plots showing the inflation of the pleiotropy score as a function of polygenicity. Variants are stratified into 4 batches of about 80 traits each by heritability, and then subdivided into 5 batches of about 20 traits each by polygenicity, as measured by corrected genomic inflation factor \( {\lambda}_{\mathrm{GC}}^c \). Darker shades represent low polygenicity and lighter shades represent high polygenicity. All panels show −log10 transformed P values. The black lines show the expected value under the null hypothesisBack to article page