Fig. 3
From: DNA methylation and de-methylation using hybrid site-targeting proteins
How targeted CpG methylation affects gene expression. a Direct methylation of a promoter to silence expression or to edit a distal element (such as an enhancer) in order to recruit endogenous DNA methyltransferase or histone modification to silence expression. b Targeted CpG methylation at CTCF-binding sites to open CTCF looping and thus activate gene expression. Hollow and black-filled circles indicate unmethylated and methylated CpG sites, respectively. Red lines indicate CTCF-binding sites