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Table 1 Long-noncoding-RNA-mediated nuclear mechanisms

From: The multidimensional mechanisms of long noncoding RNA function

Long noncoding RNA

Function

Reference

lncRNAs interacting with chromatin complexes

  Fendrr

Differentiation of tissues derived from lateral mesoderm

[34]

  HOTTIP

Homeotic gene activation at the HOXA locus

[35]

  DBE-T

Epigenetic regulation of the FSHD gene

[36]

  Kcnq1ot1

Lineage-specific imprinting at the Kcnq1 locus

[37]

  pRNA

CpG methylation of rRNA genes

[38]

  Morrbid

Survival control of myeloid cells

[40]

  Linc-Pint

Epigenetic regulation of p53 response

[41]

  Chaer

Epigenetic regulator in the development of cardiac hypertrophy

[42]

  PINC

Pregnancy-induced, regulates mammary epithelial differentiation

[43]

  HOTAIR

Silencing of the HOXD locus

[44]

  Braveheart

Activation of cardiovascular progenitor

[119]

  ANRIL

Transcriptional silencing to control cellular senescence

[120]

lncRNAs as modulators of proteins and enzyme cofactors

  NKILA

NF-κB inactivation by inhibition of IκB phosphorylation

[48]

  lnc-DC

Regulate genes involved in dendritic cell differentiation

[49]

  ncRNA-a

Enhancer-like functions on the neighbouring genes

[53]

  CONCR

Involved in DNA replication and sister-chromatid cohesion

[54]

  Lethe

Prevents DNA binding of the RelA subunit of NF-κB

[121]

lncRNAs binding DNA/RNA-binding proteins

  linc-YY1

YY1-mediated regulation of myogenesis

[64]

  RMST

SOX2-mediated regulation of pluripotency and neuronal differentiation

[65]

  GAS5

Regulation of the glucocorticoid response

[58]

  DINO

Regulation of the DNA-damage-induced p53 response

[59]

  linc-p21

Repressor in p53-dependent transcriptional response

[23]

  SAMMSON

Regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis and metabolism

[122]

  LUNAR1

Enhancing of IGF1 signalling

[123]

lncRNAs forming R-loops and triple helixes

  TERRA

Maintenance of the telomeric structure

[72]

  VIM-AS1

Promotion of transcriptional activation of the VIM gene

[75]

  COOLAIR

Negative regulation of FLC expression and flowering

[77]

  Khps1

Transcriptional activation of SPHK1

[82]

  MEG3

Transcriptional regulation of genes of the TGF-β pathway

[83]

lncRNAs in higher-order structures

  Xist

X chromosome inactivation

[106]

  Firre

Role in adipogenesis; mediates inter-chromosomal interactions

[107, 124]

  NEAT1

Nucleation of paraspeckles

[14, 15, 109]

  MALAT1

Formation of nuclear speckles

[110]

  1. FLC flowering locus C, NF nuclear factor, TGF transforming growth factor, YY1 Yin Yang 1
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Genome Biology

ISSN: 1474-760X

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