Table 1 Summary of the different murine crosses performed to identify rescue of the Adar1 and Adar2 murine phenotypes, respectively
From: Rewriting the transcriptome: adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing by ADARs
Adar allele | Genetic modifier (gene/protein) | Method | Function/substrate | Outcome at birth | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adar1 –/– (p110 and p150 |  |  |  | E11.5–12.0 lethal | |
Ifih1 –/– (MDA5) | Mouse cross | Long paired dsRNA | Rescue: majority die by 2 days old | [78] | |
Mavs –/– (MAVS) | Mouse cross; Crispr cell line | Effector of RIG-I and MDA5 | Rescue: majority die by 2 days old; small number survive up to 20 days | ||
Rnasel –/– (RNase L) | Crispr cell line | Endoribonuclease; cleaves dsRNA | Rescue (cell lines) | [93] | |
Eif2ak2 –/– (PKR) | Mouse cross | dsRNA-activated serine/threonine kinase | No rescue | [90] | |
Tmem173 –/– (STING) | Mouse cross | Cytosolic DNA sensor | No rescue | [78] | |
Ddx58 –/– (RIG-I) | Mouse cross | Short 5′ phos RNA (ds and ss) | No rescue | [78] | |
Stat1 –/– (STAT1) | Mouse cross | Transcriptional effector of interferon pathway | No rescue; lethal by E15.5 | [92] | |
Ifnar –/– (IFNRα) | Mouse cross | Type I interferon receptor | No rescue; lethal at E14.5–15.5 | ||
Ifnar –/– Ifngr –/– (IFNαR/IFNγR) | Mouse cross | Type I and II interferon receptor | No rescue; lethal at E15.5 | [40] | |
Trp53 –/– (p53) | Mouse cross | Tumor suppressor; can modify cell death | No rescue | Unpublished (J. Hartner and C. Walkley) | |
Adar1p150 –/– (p150 KO only) |  |  |  | E11.5–12.0 lethal | [77] |
Mavs –/– (MAVS) | Mouse cross | Effector of RIG-I and MDA5 | Rescue: majority survive to 20 days | [78] | |
Adar1E861A/E861A (editing deficient) | Â | Â | Â | E13.5 lethal | [41] |
Ifih1 –/– (MDA5) | Mouse cross; cell lines | Long paired dsRNA | Rescue: majority survive normally In vitro cell lines—rescue | ||
Ifnar –/– Ifngr –/– (IFNαR/IFNγR) | Mouse cross | Type I and II interferon receptor | No rescue; lethal at E15.5 | Unpublished (B. Liddicoat and C. Walkley) | |
Adar2 –/– |  |  |  | Early post-natal lethal (~20 days); seizures | [13] |
Gria2 R/R (GluA2 R/R) | Mouse cross | GluA2 glutamate receptor | Rescue; adults normal |