Fig. 4
From: Massive A-to-I RNA editing is common across the Metazoa and correlates with dsRNA abundance
Evolution of the ADAR sequence preference, based on the sequence context (upstream and downstream adjacent locations) of the hyper-editing sites. The motifs cluster into two groups, largely consistent with their phylogeny: most vertebrates cluster together whereas amphibian and invertebrates cluster to a different group (with one exception, opossum, which has a small number of sites and possibly a noisy motif). In both clusters, G is depleted in the upstream nucleotide, whereas the downstream nucleotide preference is different for the two clusters. The first cluster exhibits a preference for G downstream, whereas in the other one A is preferred. (Red: over-representation; blue: under-representation). The downstream nucleotide preference is determined by the residue S486 (PDB structure 5HP2), as described by Matthews et al. [45]. Presented here for each organism are the amino acids observed at this position (see also Additional file 1: Figure S3). The five species exhibiting the most different 3' preference encode ADARs with a different amino acid in this position