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Fig. 7 | Genome Biology

Fig. 7

From: Non-base-contacting residues enable kaleidoscopic evolution of metazoan C2H2 zinc finger DNA binding

Fig. 7

Sequence reconstruction reveals the role of high-DBF non-base-contacting residues in kaleidoscopic evolution of metazoan C2H2-ZFS. a Examples of reconstructed ancestral C2H2-ZFs and validation of their motifs by PBM. Only the reconstructed base-contacting residues are shown. The C2H2-ZF pedigrees that are descended from these ancestral C2H2-ZFs are shown on the right. b The top panel shows the number of triplets that were recognized by at least one C2H2-ZF in ancestral organisms, with the number of C2H2-ZFs that recognized each triplet, based on reconstructed sequences, shown in the bottom panel. c Histogram of the number of differences in the base-contacting residues of extant C2H2-ZFs and their most immediate ancestors with a different predicted motif (motif Pearson similarity < 0.1). The blue bars include only C2H2-ZFs for which recognition code predictions and B1H motif match (similar to Fig. 2b). d Normalized rate of kaleidoscopic evolution (estimated as the ratio of motif-changing mutation rate in base-contacting residues vs. mutation rate at the rest of the C2H2-ZF sequence) for metazoan C2H2-ZFs vs. non-metazoan C2H2-ZFs. e Distribution of inferred amino acid transitions between extant metazoan C2H2-ZFs and their most immediate ancestors, across the four base-contacting residues. f Each dot represents a possible amino acid transition at one of the base-contacting residues, with the x-axis showing the number of possible single-nucleotide mutations that can result in that transition and the y-axis showing the number of extant-ancestor C2H2-ZF pairs in metazoans that contain that transition

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