Fig. 3

Phylogenomic inference supports a syngnathiform clade distinct from the clade containing commonly studied fish models. A well-supported maximum likelihood tree of UCEs places Syngnathiformes as an outgroup relative to fellow percomorph species used as genetic models, consistent with previous work regarding the molecular systematics of Percomorpha [29, 30, 33]. Note, however, that our topology is not consistent with a monophyletic group including Syngnathiformes and Scombriformes, as previously reported. Bootstrap and SH-aLRT support is listed for each node; a single number is listed where both values agree