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Table 1 Cytotoxic drugs investigated in this study

From: A comprehensive survey of the mutagenic impact of common cancer cytotoxics

Drug

Class

Mechanism

DT40 treatment duration

DT40 treatment concentration

DT40 IC50

Clinical usage

Clinical usage

Total plasma concentration

Reference

Cisplatin

Alkylating-like agent

DNA adducts, crosslinks

1 h

10 μM

9.4 μM

1.3–3.9 μM

[70]

Cyclophosphamide

Alkylating-like agent

DNA adducts, crosslinks

1 h

30 mM

67 mM

38.3–76.6 μM

[71]

Hydroxyurea

Antimetabolite

Ribonucleotide reductase inhibition

24 h

20 μM

22 μM

150 μM–1 mM

[72]

Gemcitabine

Antimetabolite

Nucleoside analogue

24 h

6 nM

10.9 nM

53.2 μM

[73]

5-Fluorouracil

Antimetabolite

Nucleoside analogue, thymidylate synthase inhibition

24 h

6 μM

13.3 μM

770 nM–5.4 μM

[74]

Etoposide

Topoisomerase inhibitor

Topoisomerase II inhibition

24 h

200 nM

234 nM

46–194 nM

[75]

Doxorubicin

Anthracycline

DNA intercalation, topoisomerase II inhibition

24 h

2 nM

1.69 nM

73.6 nM–1.16 μM

[76]

Paclitaxel

Anti-microtubule agent

Stabilises microtubules, blocks mitosis

24 h

40 nM

34 nM

1.5–6 μM

[77]

  1. The name, class and basic mechanism of each drug used in this study is shown, together with the duration and concentration of mutagenesis assay treatments, the estimated IC50 concentrations under the same treatment conditions and data on the total plasma concentration range reported in clinical use, with the matching literature reference