Figure 3From: The rate of the molecular clock and the cost of gratuitous protein synthesisCorrelation of E. coli mRNA expression with Ka, protein solubility, and the fraction of charged residues. (a) Correlation between expression and the rate of non-synonymous substitutions (Ka; Spearman's r = -0.45, P < 10-10). (b) Correlation between Ka and the rate of synonymous substitutions (Ks; r = 0.66, P < 10-10). (c) Correlation between expression and protein solubility measured in vitro [48] (r = 0.27, P < 10-10). (d) Correlation between expression and the fraction of charged residues (r = 0.28, P < 10-10). The red lines on each panel represent a 200-point moving average.Back to article page