Molecular evolution of genes in avian genomes

Table 4 Over-represented Gene Ontology terms in REB, MREB and PS genes in avian lineages

	Ancestral bird lineage				Chicken lineage				Zebra finch lineage
Gene Ontology^a	N₁^b	N₂^c	Excess	P	N₁^b	N₂^c	Excess	P	N₁^b	N₂^c	Excess	P
Rapidly evolving in birds (REB)
Biological adhesion (B 2)	17	136	2.67	0.013
Cell adhesion (B 3)	17	135	2.69	0.013
Cytokine secretion (B 7)	4	5	17.06	0.013
Telomere organization (B 5)					5	5	7.81	0.024
Telomere maintenance (B 6)					5	5	7.81	0.024
Sterol transport (B 5)					6	7	6.69	0.024
Cholesterol transport (B 6)					6	7	6.69	0.024
More rapidly evolving in birds (MREB) than in other amniotes
Biological adhesion (B 2)	12	136	5.82	0.0002
Cell adhesion (B 3)	12	135	5.86	0.0002
Blood vessel development/maturation (B5)	2	2	65.94	0.061
Synapse organization and biogenesis (B 5)	3	12	16.49	0.088
Integrin-mediated signaling pathway (B 6)	3	11	17.98	0.088
Proteinaceous extracellular matrix (C 3)
Cytoskeletal part (C 5)									37	124	1.92	0.040
Microtubule cytoskeleton (C 7)									27	83	2.09	0.040
Positively selected (PS) in birds
Biological adhesion (B 2)	16	148	3.27	0.016
Cell adhesion (B 3)	16	147	3.29	0.016
Cell-cell adhesion (B 4)	9	57	4.78	0.035
Homophilic cell adhesion (B 5)	5	16	9.45	0.035
Calcium ion binding (M 5)	14	154	2.74	0.035
Anion transmembrane transport activity (M 6)					16	48	3.00	0.006

Terms with a false discovery rate (FDR) of adjusted P < 0.1 are shown. Excess is the fold enrichment for significant Gene Ontology terms. ^aB is biological process, M is molecular function and C is cellular component. The numbers indicate hierarchical level. ^bNumber of genes in test sample (REB, MREB and PS, respectively). ^cNumber of genes in reference sample (1:1 orthologs found in the respective lineage).

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