Classification | Cellular localization and evolutionary distribution | Â | Â | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group | Clade | Family | Localization | Distribution* | General function | References |
Extended AAA | Classical AAA | FtsH | Chloroplast, mitochondria and bacterial membrane | E/B | Protein unfolding and degradation | [36] |
 |  | Katanin | Cytosol | E | Microtubule severing and disassembly | [37] |
 |  | NSF/CDC48 | Cytosol | E/A | Membrane fusion/ubiquitin system | [38,39] |
 |  | Pex1/6 | Peroxisome | E | Peroxisome biogenesis | [40] |
 |  | Bcs1p | Mitochondria | E | Cytochrome bc1 assembly | [41] |
 |  | PAAA | Cytosol/nucleus | E/A | Proteasome-associated protein unfolding and degradation | [42] |
 | Other | Rubisco activase | Chloroplast | E | Activation of Rubisco | [43] |
 |  | Rvb | Cytosol and nucleus | E/A | Diverse (for example, DNA recombination/repair, transcription, snoRNP assembly) | [44] |
 |  | ClpAB-D1 | Cytosol, mitochondria and chloroplast | E/A/B | Protease-associated protein unfolding and degradation/protein disaggregation | [18] |
 |  | SpoVK | Cytosol | B | Unknown (sporulation associated) | [45] |
 |  | Ycf2 | Chloroplast | E | Unknown | [46] |
 |  | AFG1 | Mitochondria | E/B | Unknown | [47] |
 |  | Viral helicase | Virus | Viruses | DNA recombination and repair | [6] |
HEC | Clamp loader | HolB/DnaX | Cytosol | B | DNA replication and repair | [48] |
 |  | RFC | Nucleus | E/A | DNA replication and repair | [48] |
 |  | WHIP | Cytosol and nucleus | E/B | DNA replication and repair | [49] |
 | Initiation | DnaA/C | Cytosol | B | DNA replication | [50] |
 |  | ORC/Cdc6 | Cytosol and nucleus | E/A | DNA replication | [51] |
 | Other | RuvB | Cytosol | B | DNA recombination | [52] |
 |  | IstB | Cytosol | B | DNA transposition | [53] |
 |  | HolA | Cytosol | B | DNA replication and repair | [48] |
PACTT | HCL | HslU/ClpX | Cytosol and mitochondria | E/B | Protease-associated protein unfolding and degradation | [18] |
 |  | ClpAB-D2/Torsin | Cytosol, mitochondria, ER and chloroplast | E/A/B | Protease-associated protein unfolding and degradation/protein disaggregation/ER complex assembly | [54] |
 |  | LonA | Cytosol and mitochondria | E/B | Protein unfolding and degradation | [55] |
 | Helix 2 insert | MCM | Cytosol and nucleus | E/A | DNA replication (helicase activity) | [56] |
 |  | McrB/Unc-53 | Cytosol and nucleus | E/A/B | DNA restriction/unknown | [57] |
 |  | Midasin | Nucleus | E | Maturation and nuclear export of ribosomes | [58] |
 |  | MoxR | Cytosol | A/B | Protein complex assembly | [59] |
 |  | Chelatase | Cytosol and chloroplast | E/A/B | Metal insertion | [24] |
 |  | σ54 Activator | Cytosol | B | Transcriptional activation | [60] |
 |  | YifB | Cytosol | B | Unknown | [1] |
 |  | ComM | Cytosol | B | Unknown | [61] |
 | Other | Dynein heavy chain | Cytosol | E | Molecular transport and cilia/flagellar movement | [29] |
 |  | LonB | Membrane | A | Protein unfolding and degradation | [55] |
ExeA | Â | Â | Cytosol | B | Type II secretion | [62] |
STAND | Â | Â | Varied | E/A/B | Varied | [63] |