Table 1 Major pattern recognition receptors involved in the recognition of non-self nucleic acids
Receptor family | Location | Ligand | Receptor | Adaptor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) | Endosomes | CpG DNA, abnormal DNA | TLR9 | MyD88 |
| Â | Â | ssRNA | TLR7/TLR8 | MyD88 |
| Â | Â | dsRNA | TLR3 | TRIF |
RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) | Cytosol | 5'-triphosphate ssRNA | RIG-I | IPS-1 |
| Â | Â | dsRNA | MDA5 | IPS-1 |
| Â | Â | dsRNA | LGP2 | IPS-1 |
| Â | Â | dsDNA | DAI | Unknown |
Nod-like receptors (NLRs) | Cytosol | Bacterial and viral RNA | Cryopyrin | ASC |