Figure 6

Evolutionary relationships of the coleoptericins (left panel) and defensins (right panel). The alignment of mature antimicrobial peptide sequences is used to build the phylogenetic trees on which their genus names are indicated. The beetle coleoptericins and defensins are divided into two subgroups (shaded blue and pink), whereas the more primitive defensins (shaded grey) are found in many arthropod species. Note that the blue clades include Acalolepta, Tribolium and Zophobas whereas the pink clades both contain Allomyrina and Holotrichia. Pink arrowheads at nodes denote bootstrap values greater than 800 from 1,000 trials. This analysis uses sequences from the orders of Coleoptera (Acalolepta, Allomyrina, Holotrichia, Oryctes, Protaetia, Rhinoceros, Tenebrio, Tribolium, Zophobas), Diptera (Aedes, Anopheles, Drosophila, Phormia, Sarcophaga, Stomoxys), Lepidoptera (Galleria, Heliothis), Hemiptera (Pyrrhocoris), Hymenoptera (Apis, Bombus, Formic), Neuroptera (Chrysopa), Ordonata (Aeschna) and Scopiones (Androctonus, Leiurus).