Table 1 Human matrix metalloproteases and their substrates

MMP-1

Collagenase-1

Collagen types I, II, III, VII, VIII, X, and gelatin

Aggrecan, casein, nidogen, serpins, versican, perlecan, proteoglycan link protein, and tenascin-C

α₁-antichymotrypsin, α₁-antitrypsin/α₁-proteinase inhibitor, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-5, IL-1β, L-selectin, ovostatin, recombinant TNF-α peptide, and SDF-1

MMP-2

Gelatinase-A

Collagen types I, IV, V, VII, X, XI, XIV, and gelatin

Aggrecan, elastin, fibronectin, laminin, nidogen, proteoglycan link protein, and versican

Active MMP-9, active MMP-13, FGF R1, IGF-BP3, IGF-BP5, IL-1β, recombinant TNF-α peptide, and TGF-β

MMP-3

Stromelysin-1

Collagen types II, IV, IX, X, and gelatin

Aggrecan, casein, decorin, elastin, fibronectin, laminin, nidogen, perlecan, proteoglycan, proteoglycan link protein, and versican

α₁-antichymotrypsin, α₁-proteinase fibrinogen, IGF-BP3, L-selectin, ovostatin, pro-HB-EGF, pro-IL-β, pro-MMP-1, pro-MMP8, pro-MMP-9, pro-TNFα, and SDF-1

MMP-7

Matrilysin-1, neutophil collagenase

Collagen types I, II, III, V, IV, and X

Aggrecan, casein, elastin, enactin, laminin, and proteoglycan link protein

β₄ integrin, decorin, defensin, E-cadherin, Fas-L, plasminogen, pro-MMP-2, pro-MMP-7, pro-TNFα, transferrin, and syndecan

MMP-8

Collagenase-2

Collagen types I, II, III, V, VII, VIII, X, and gelatin

Aggrecan, laminin, and nidogen

α₂-antiplasmin and pro-MMP-8

MMP-9

Gelatinase-B

Collagen types IV, V, VII, X, and XIV

Fibronectin, laminin, nidogen, proteoglycan link protein, and versican

CXCL5, IL-1β, IL2-R, plasminogen, pro-TNFα, SDF-1, and TGF-β

MMP-10

Stromelysin-2

Collagen types III, IV, V, and gelatin

Fibronectin, laminin, and nidogen

Pro-MMP-1, pro-MMP-8, and pro-MMP-10

MMP-11

Stromelysin-3

Laminin

α₁-antitrypsin, α₁-proteinase inhibitor, and IGFBP-1

MMP-12

Macrophage metalloelastase

Elastin

Plasminogen

MMP-13

Collagenase-3

Collagen types I, II, III, IV, V, IX, X, XI, and gelatin

Aggrecan, fibronectin, laminin, perlecan, and tenascin

Plasminogen activator 2, pro-MMP-9, pro-MMP-13, and SDF-1

MMP-14

MT1-MMP

Collagen types I, II, III, and gelatin

Aggrecan, dermatan sulphate proteoglycan, fibrin, fibronectin, laminin, nidogen, perlecan, tenascin, and vitronectin

α_vβ₃ integrin, CD44, gC1qR, pro-MMP2, pro-MMP-13, pro-TNFα, SDF-1, and tissue transglutaminase

MMP-15

MT2-MMP

Collagen types I, II, III, and gelatin

Aggrecan, fibronectin, laminin, nidogen, perlecan, tenascin, and vitronectin

Pro-MMP-2, pro-MMP-13, and tissue transglutaminase

MMP-16

MT3-MMP

Collagen types I, III, and gelatin

Aggrecan, casein, fibronectin, laminin, perlecan, and vitronectin

Pro-MMP-2 and pro-MMP-13

MMP-17

MT4-MMP

Gelatin

Fibrin and fibronectin

MMP-19

RASI-1

Collagens types I, IV, and gelatin

Aggrecan, casein, fibronectin, laminin, nidogen, and tenascin

MMP-20

Enamelysin

Aggrecan, amelogenin, and cartilage

MMP-21

α₁-antitrypsin

MMP-23

CA-MMP

Gelatin

MMP-24

MT5-MMP

Gelatin

Chondroitin sulfate, dermatin sulfate, and fibronectin

Pro-MMP2 and pro-MMP-13

MMP-25

Leukolysin, MT6-MMP

Collagen type IV and gelatin

Fibrin and fibronectin Pro-MMP-2

MMP-26

Matrilysin-2, endometase

Collagen type IV and gelatin

Casein, fibrinogen, and fibronectin

β₁-proteinase inhibitor

MMP-28

Epilysin

Casein